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网站设计师图片,互联网创业怎么起步,wordpress 2015主题,广州门户网站建设公司随机深度优先搜索是深度优先搜索的变种#xff0c;通过在每一步随机选择邻接节点来增加路径的不可预测性。该算法天然适合生成或解决迷宫问题#xff0c;因其倾向于生成长而曲折的路径。核心特点#xff1a;使用栈#xff08;显式或隐式#xff09;实现回溯随机选择邻接节…随机深度优先搜索是深度优先搜索的变种通过在每一步随机选择邻接节点来增加路径的不可预测性。该算法天然适合生成或解决迷宫问题因其倾向于生成长而曲折的路径。核心特点使用栈显式或隐式实现回溯随机选择邻接节点顺序时间复杂度为O(VE)空间复杂度为O(V)C实现关键步骤数据结构定义#include iostream #include vector #include stack #include cstdlib #include ctime #include algorithm struct Cell { int x, y; bool visited false; bool top_wall true, bottom_wall true; bool left_wall true, right_wall true; };迷宫初始化void initMaze(std::vectorstd::vectorCell maze, int width, int height) { maze.resize(height); for (int y 0; y height; y) { maze[y].resize(width); for (int x 0; x width; x) { maze[y][x].x x; maze[y][x].y y; } } std::srand(std::time(nullptr)); }随机DFS核心实现void generateMaze(std::vectorstd::vectorCell maze) { std::stackCell* cellStack; Cell* current maze[0][0]; current-visited true; cellStack.push(current); while (!cellStack.empty()) { current cellStack.top(); auto neighbors getUnvisitedNeighbors(current, maze); if (!neighbors.empty()) { Cell* next neighbors[std::rand() % neighbors.size()]; removeWalls(current, next); next-visited true; cellStack.push(next); } else { cellStack.pop(); } } }辅助函数实现std::vectorCell* getUnvisitedNeighbors(Cell* cell, const std::vectorstd::vectorCell maze) { std::vectorCell* neighbors; int dx[] {0, 1, 0, -1}; int dy[] {-1, 0, 1, 0}; for (int i 0; i 4; i) { int nx cell-x dx[i]; int ny cell-y dy[i]; if (nx 0 nx maze[0].size() ny 0 ny maze.size() !maze[ny][nx].visited) { neighbors.push_back(const_castCell*(maze[ny][nx])); } } return neighbors; } void removeWalls(Cell* a, Cell* b) { if (a-x b-x) { if (a-y b-y) { a-bottom_wall false; b-top_wall false; } else { a-top_wall false; b-bottom_wall false; } } else { if (a-x b-x) { a-right_wall false; b-left_wall false; } else { a-left_wall false; b-right_wall false; } } }迷宫求解实现路径搜索算法bool solveMaze(std::vectorstd::vectorCell maze, Cell* start, Cell* end, std::vectorCell* path) { std::stackCell* stack; stack.push(start); start-visited true; while (!stack.empty()) { Cell* current stack.top(); path.push_back(current); if (current end) return true; auto neighbors getAccessibleNeighbors(current, maze); if (!neighbors.empty()) { Cell* next neighbors[std::rand() % neighbors.size()]; next-visited true; stack.push(next); } else { path.pop_back(); stack.pop(); } } return false; }可通行邻居检测std::vectorCell* getAccessibleNeighbors(Cell* cell, const std::vectorstd::vectorCell maze) { std::vectorCell* neighbors; int dx[] {0, 1, 0, -1}; int dy[] {-1, 0, 1, 0}; bool walls[] {cell-top_wall, cell-right_wall, cell-bottom_wall, cell-left_wall}; for (int i 0; i 4; i) { if (!walls[i]) { int nx cell-x dx[i]; int ny cell-y dy[i]; if (nx 0 nx maze[0].size() ny 0 ny maze.size() !maze[ny][nx].visited) { neighbors.push_back(const_castCell*(maze[ny][nx])); } } } return neighbors; }可视化输出控制台打印迷宫void printMaze(const std::vectorstd::vectorCell maze) { for (const auto row : maze) { // 打印顶部墙壁 for (const auto cell : row) { std::cout (cell.top_wall ? --- : ); } std::cout \n; // 打印侧边墙壁 for (const auto cell : row) { std::cout (cell.left_wall ? | : ); std::cout ; } std::cout |\n; } // 打印底部边界 for (size_t i 0; i maze[0].size(); i) { std::cout ---; } std::cout \n; }完整示例调用int main() { const int WIDTH 10, HEIGHT 10; std::vectorstd::vectorCell maze; initMaze(maze, WIDTH, HEIGHT); generateMaze(maze); std::vectorCell* path; solveMaze(maze, maze[0][0], maze[HEIGHT-1][WIDTH-1], path); printMaze(maze); return 0; }算法优化方向记忆化搜索记录已探索路径避免重复计算双向搜索从起点和终点同时进行搜索启发式引导结合曼哈顿距离等启发式信息并行化处理利用多线程加速搜索过程该实现完整展示了随机DFS在迷宫生成与求解中的应用通过随机选择邻接节点使得每次生成的迷宫都具有独特性同时保持算法的高效性。